Class 10 Maths Probability: Formulas, PYQs, Examples & Tips

Class 10 Maths Probability: Most Scoring Chapter With Formulas and PYQs

Probability in Class 10 CBSE Maths is one of the most scoring chapters that carries 3–4 marks in board exams. It is based on the concept of empirical probability, where students analyze real-world situations like tossing coins or drawing cards. Understanding probability helps not only in exams but also in logical thinking and data analysis.

The key formula in this chapter is: Probability (P) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total number of outcomes. Students can score full marks by memorizing formulas, solving NCERT examples, and practicing NCERT Exemplar problems. For a strong foundation, also refer to Class 10 Maths All Formulas.

Table of Contents

• List of All Probability Formulas in Class 10
• Important Examples on Probability
• Previous Year Questions with Solutions
• Probability Class 10 – YouTube Explanation
• How to Solve Class 10 Probability Questions
• FAQs – Class 10 Probability
• Marking Scheme and Tips to Score Full Marks

List of All Probability Formulas in Class 10 Maths CBSE

Here are the most important formulas you must remember for board exams:

• Empirical Probability: P(E) = (Number of trials in which E occurred) / (Total number of trials)
• Theoretical Probability: P(E) = (Favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes)
• Probability of an impossible event = 0
• Probability of a certain event = 1
• 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 for any event E
• P(not E) = 1 – P(E)

These formulas are essential for solving all types of problems involving dice, coins, cards, or numbered balls. Check out our Class 10 Theorems and Proofs for related concepts.

Important Examples on Probability for Class 10

Let's solve a few important questions using the formulas above.

1. Example 1: A coin is tossed once. Find the probability of getting:
   (a) a head (b) a tail
   Solution: Sample space = {H, T}
   Favorable outcomes = 1 → P = 1/2
2. Example 2: A die is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an odd number.
   Solution: Favorable = {1, 3, 5}, Total = 6 → P = 3/6 = 1/2
3. Example 3: A card is drawn from a deck of 52. Find the probability of drawing a face card.
   Solution: Face cards = 12 → P = 12/52 = 3/13

More examples can be found in our detailed RD Sharma Probability Solutions.

Previous Year Questions on Probability with Solutions

Practicing PYQs gives you an edge in the final exam. Here are some actual board questions:

1. CBSE 2023: A card is drawn. What is the probability of:
   (a) a king? → P = 4/52 = 1/13
2. CBSE 2022: A die is rolled. What is the probability of a prime number?
   Primes = {2, 3, 5} → P = 3/6 = 1/2
3. CBSE 2021: A bag contains 5 red, 7 blue, and 8 green balls. Find probability of not green:
   Not green = 12/20 = 3/5
4. CBSE 2020: Two coins tossed. Probability of at least one head?
   Sample space = 4, Favorable = 3 → P = 3/4

These types of questions are covered in Oswaal vs Educart comparisons for PYQ practice.

Probability Class 10 – YouTube Video Explanation

How to Solve Class 10 Probability Questions Step-by-Step

1. Read the question carefully and identify the total outcomes.
2. Find the number of favorable outcomes for the event mentioned.
3. Apply the formula: P(E) = Favorable / Total outcomes.
4. Simplify the fraction if needed.
5. Check if your answer lies between 0 and 1.

For a detailed guide on exam preparation, refer to Class 10 to JEE Maths Prep.

Frequently Asked Questions on Probability – Class 10

Q1. What is the formula of probability in Class 10?

Probability = Number of favourable outcomes / Total outcomes.

Q2. How many marks is probability in Class 10 Maths?

Probability usually carries 3–4 marks in the Class 10 CBSE board paper.

Q3. Where can I practice more probability questions?

You can practice from NCERT, RD Sharma, Oswaal, and our sample papers at this link.

Marking Scheme and Tips to Score Full Marks

• 1 Mark: Simple one-step formula questions (e.g., coin toss or die roll).
• 2 Marks: Include explanation and proper use of formula.
• 3–4 Marks: Involve compound events or case-based probability questions.

Tips to Score Full Marks:

1. Memorize the basic formulas and properties of probability.
2. Practice PYQs from Oswaal books.
3. Revise with chapter-wise formula sheets.
4. Use logical reasoning – probability is not guesswork.
5. Ensure neat, step-by-step solutions to avoid losing marks.

To plan your study effectively, review the Chapter-Wise Weightage for Class 10 Maths.